Charles Brenton Huggins (1901–1997)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Charles Brenton Huggins was born on September 22, 1901 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He graduated from Acadia University, in 1920, and in 1929 graduated from Harvard Medical School. Huggins' early work focused on the effects of androgens on the male urogenital tract, most importantly the prostate gland. In a series of analogous studies, Huggins showed that ovariectomy was often beneficial in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In an effort to define which patients would respond to castration, Huggins encouraged his colleague, Elwood Jensen, to develop a test for estrogen responsiveness, which he did by characterizing laboratory methods to measure estrogen receptor “positivity” or “negativity” as a predictor of the response to ablative therapy. Dr. Huggins shared the Nobel Prize with virologist Peyton Rous in 1966. Huggins' work that revealed the hormone dependence of normal and neoplastic prostate cells was the basis of the prize.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.819 | 0.025 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".