Abstract WP94: Association of Corneal and Retinal Nerves With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) confers an increased risk of stroke, dementia and death. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are ophthalmic instruments which can detect neuronal loss non-invasively and may be useful surrogate markers for white matter disease (WMD). Hypothesis: To determine whether corneal and retinal nerve pathology identified using CCM and OCT, respectively, are associated with cerebral SVD in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: 248 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke underwent CCM to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and OCT to quantify central foveal ganglion cell complex (CF-GCC). SVD was graded in periventricular (PV) and deep white matter (DWM) regions according to the Fazekas scale and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were quantified. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and multiple regression. Results: DWMSVD and PVSVD were absent (50%,40%) or present with mild (37%,37%), moderate (9%,16%) and severe (4%,7%) severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke. CNFD was significantly lower in patients with mild PVSVD (P=0.02) and severe PVSVD (P=0.004) and DWMSVD (P=0.026) compared to no SVD. CNBD was significantly lower in patients with severe PVSVD (P=0.020) compared to no PVSVD. CF-GCC was significantly lower in patients with moderate PVSVD (P=0.012) and DWMSVD (P=0.044) and severe PVSVD (P=0.012) compared to no SVD. Comparing patients with and without WMH, CF-GCC was significantly lower (P=0.045), but there was no difference for CCM. Multiple regression analysis showed an association between CNFD and PVSVD severity (β= –1.416, P=0.014) and triglyerides (β=1.146, P=0.016). There was no correlation between DWSVD and PVSVD with age, cholestrol, HbA 1c or blood pressure. Conclusions: Corneal confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography allow rapid non-invasive identification of corneal and retinal nerve pathology in patients with moderate and severe SVD. Furthermore, corneal nerve fibre density correlates with the severity of PVSVD and triglycerides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".