EVALUATION OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT ACCESSIONS FROM THE VIR COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO LOOSE SMUT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Loose smut caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr. is one of the major diseases of wheat widespread in all areas of its cultivation. Breeding centers in Russia constantly need new sources of resistance to this disease. Screening of spring wheat accessions for resistance to loose smut has been carried out since 2016 in the Genetics Department of the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with the Wheat Genetic Resources Department.Materials and methods. In the 2016-2018 growing seasons, new 139 accessions of spring bread wheat were screened for resistance to loose smut against a severe infection background according to the well-known method (Krivchenko, 1984). During wheat's flowering phase, from 7 to 10 ears of each accession were inoculated with a fungal infection collected on VIR's experimental field. The severity of the infection was determined by the disease symptoms on the susceptible reference cultivars: 'Reward', 'Diamant' and 'Scala'. Assessment of the infection lesions was carried out in the next year after inoculation by counting the diseased and healthy ears in each accession.Results and conclusion. The ears of eleven accessions were resistant to loose smut during two years of evaluation. During three years of evaluation the disease symptoms were not detected on the plants of eight accessions: 'Salavat Yulaev' (k-65560, Bashkortostan), 'Fori 4' (k-65592, Leningrad Province); 'Diablon' (k- 65444, Germany), 'Ke Feng 10' (k-65472, China), k-65479 (Algeria), k- 65482 (Turkey), 'Alikat' (k-65586, Canada) and 'Selection 1403' (k- 65828, USA). Three years of evaluation showed that 10 varieties were moderately resistant (no more than 5% affected ears): 4 from Russia, 2 from Canada, and single accessions from Spain, China, Pakistan and Tajikistan. The mentioned accessions are of interest for the development of spring bread wheat cultivars with resistance to loose smut for cultivation in the North-Western region of Russia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".