Added Value of Fecal Calprotectin to Support the Diagnosis of Spondyloarthropathies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We read with interest the article by Kopylov, et al , who reported small bowel inflammation consistent with Crohn disease (CD) in 42.2% of patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) by video capsule endoscopy1. The link between bowel and joint in SpA has been established for several decades. Already in the 1980s, it was demonstrated that up to 50% of all patients with SpA have microscopic bowel inflammation, without associated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms2. Calprotectin is a heterodimeric complex of two S100 calcium-binding proteins, myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8 (S100A8) and MRP-14 (S100A9), expressed in granulocytes and monocytes3. Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a sensitive and specific biomarker of intestinal inflammation, and quantification of FC is useful for diagnosis and followup of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)4,5. Also in patients with SpA, FC has been shown to reveal GI inflammation before clinical onset6, which was confirmed by Kopylov and colleagues. In daily practice, the diagnosis of SpA based on the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international … Address correspondence to L. Van Hoovels, Department of Laboratory Medicine, OLV Hospital Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, 9300 Aalst, Belgium. E-mail: lieve.van.hoovels{at}olvz-aalst.be
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".