Rutin attenuates inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in an in vitro mouse muscle cell (C2C12) model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
White striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) are 2 of the major myopathies in the modern poultry industry. Even though the exact etiology for WS and WB is still unknown, differentially expressed genes in broiler breast muscle affected by WS and WB indicate that oxidative stress and inflammation could be involved in their occurrences. Therefore, it is very important to identify natural compounds with anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation properties that can reduce the occurrences of WS and WB in broiler chickens. Rutin is a polyphenol antioxidant that has been reported to be present in several plant extracts. In the current study, we established an in vitro inflammation model by using mouse muscle cells (C2C12) and evaluated the effects of rutin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in the muscle cells. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA abundance of cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was measured by real-time PCR. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results showed that LPS (25 ng/ml) stimulation quickly activated NF-κB and induced significant IL-6 expression on both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05) in cells when compared with control cells without the LPS treatment. The rutin treatment decreased IL-6 mRNA abundance induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and iNOS gene expression was significantly attenuated by 100 μM of rutin (P < 0.05). Moreover, LPS induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NF-κB activation was significantly blocked by 100 μM of rutin. These results suggest that rutin can attenuate LPS-induced inflammation in muscle cells and supplementation of rutin or rutin-containing plant extracts may present a promising approach to control WS and WB in broiler chickens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".