Dust Continuum Emission and the Upper Limit Fluxes of Submillimeter Water Lines of the Protoplanetary Disk around HD 163296 Observed by ALMA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we analyze the upper limit fluxes of submillimeter ortho-H2 16O 321 GHz, para-H2 18O 322 GHz, and HDO 335 GHz lines from the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. These water lines are considered to be the best candidate submillimeter lines to locate the position of the H2O snowline, on the basis of our previous model calculations. We compare the upper limit fluxes with the values calculated by our models with dust emission included, and we constrain the line-emitting region and the dust opacity from the observations. We conclude that, if the outer edge of the region with a high water abundance and the position of the water snowline are both beyond 8 au, then themillimeter dust opacity κ mm will have a value larger than 2.0 cm2 g−1. In addition, the position of the water snowline must lie inside 20 au if the millimeter dust opacity κ mm is 2.0 cm2 g−1. Future observations of the dust continuum emission at higher angular resolution and submillimeter water lines with a longer observation time are required to clarify the detailed structures and the position of the H2O snowline in the disk midplane.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".