Design of a Polarization-Diverse Planar Leaky-Wave Antenna for Broadside Radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design of a K-band radial leaky-wave antenna is presented for polarization diversity applications. The antenna structure is constituted by an annular, radially periodic, and metallic strip grating printed on top of a single-layer grounded dielectric slab. The integrated feeding system is defined by a 2 × 2 array of planar slot sources for cylindrical surface-wave excitation. By the addition of the grating, the surface wave is perturbed and enables cylindrical leaky-wave radiation by means of a fast n = -1 space harmonic, whose behavior is characterized through a full-wave dispersive analysis. By proper phasing and spacing of the four independent TM feeds, positioned close to the center of the annular grating and on the ground plane, we demonstrate the possibility of radiating directive broadside beams offering linear, left or right-handed circularly polarized radiation, and sum and delta patterns. Thus, we propose an original solution to flexibly control the polarization of a high-gain beam by means of a simple and low-cost feeding system, made by the minimum number of integrated array sources. To accurately assess the antenna features and performance, the role of a zeroth and first-order cylindrical leaky waves propagating along the antenna aperture is also discussed. The proposed antenna design may be of interest for direction-of-arrival estimation by means of monopulse radars, as well as for a wide class of applications where flexible control of the polarization is desired, such as satellite and terrestrial point-to-point communication systems and earth observation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".