ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A LOAMY SAND TREATED WITH BIOCHAR AND DAIRY MANURE UNDER SILAGE CORN PRODUCTION IN WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil physicochemical properties play an important role in crop growth and final harvest. Different agronomic practices can improve soil health through modulating these physicochemical properties. Dairy manure (DM) is a good and abundant source of nutrients in Newfoundland, and both biochar (BC) and DM are considered good soil amendments. A field experiment was conducted at Pynn’s Brook Research Station, Pasadena NL, to evaluate the effect BC and DM has on various soil physicochemical properties, as well as to establish a relationship between soil electrical conductivity (EC) and these selected physicochemical properties. Experimental treatments with four replicates included control, inorganic nitrogen (IN), IN+BC, DM, and DM+BC. Dairy manure was applied at the rate of 30,000 L ha-1, whereas BC was applied at 20 t ha-1 (both were applied on May 23, 2016) and mixed within the top 10 cm of the loamy sand soil (82% sand + 6% silt + 12% clay). Disturbed soil samples were collected from treatment plots on four different days. Results showed no significant (p > 0.05) treatment effects on gravimetric and volumetric moisture contents, pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), cation exchange capacity (CEC), or EC of tested soils, within each field day. Soil organic carbon (SOC) had a significant (P=0.042) difference between DM and DM+BC treatments only on August 4. However, significant temporal effects were recorded for pH, NH4+-N, and EC – both apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and electrical conductivity of soil solution (ECw) – across four field days. The decrease of NH4+-N could possibly be accounted to volatilization, uptake by plants, immobilization by microbes, or conversion to nitrate-nitrogen, while the decrease in EC may be due to a decrease in ion concentration from uptake by plants and leaching. No significant differences were observed between the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depths within each treatment for the tested soil properties. Positive correlations were recorded for EC with SOC, NH4+-N, and CEC (ECa, ECw 0-10 cm, & ECw 10-20 cm, p=0.000). Once correlation data has been validated, the electromagnetic induction method can be used to map the ECa and respective spatio-temporal variability of important soil properties for similar soils in Newfoundland.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".