Central distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptors in juvenile Richardson’s ground squirrels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxytocin and vasopressin are well-conserved peptides important to the regulation of numerous aspects of social behavior, including sociality. Research exploring the distribution of the receptors for oxytocin (Oxtr) and for vasopressin (Avpr1a) in mammals has revealed associations between receptor distribution, sociality, and species' mating systems. Given that sociality and gregariousness can be tightly linked to reproduction, these nonapeptides unsurprisingly support affiliative behaviors that are important for mating and offspring care. We localized these receptors in juvenile Richardson's ground squirrel brains to determine whether distribution patterns of Oxtr and Avpr1a that are associated with promiscuous mating systems differ in rodents that also exhibit non-reproductive affiliation. These squirrels are social, colonial, and engage in nepotistic alarm calling behavior and affiliation outside of a reproductive context. Juveniles are the most affiliative age-class and are non-reproductive; making them ideal for examining these associations. We found that juveniles had dense Oxtr binding in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, amygdala, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial geniculate nucleus. Juveniles had low to modest levels of Avpr1a binding in the medial preoptic area, olfactory bulbs, nucleus accumbens, superior colliculus, and inferior colliculus. We noted Oxtr and Avpr1a binding in the social behavior neural network (SBNN), further supporting a role of these nonapeptides in modulating social behavior across taxa. Oxtr and Avpr1a binding was also present in brain regions important to auditory processing that have known projections to the SBNN. We speculate that these neural substrates may be where these nonapeptides regulate communication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".