Translocation of promoter-conserved hatching enzyme genes with intron-loss provides a new insight in the role of retrocopy during teleostean evolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hatcing enzyme gene (HE) encodes a protease that is indispensable for the hatching process and is conserved during vertebrate evolution. During teleostean evolution, it is known that HE experienced a drastic transfiguration of gene structure, namely, losing all of its introns. However, these facts are contradiction with each other, since intron-less genes typically lose their original promoter because of duplication via mature mRNA, called retrocopy. Here, using a comparative genomic assay, we showed that HEs have changed their genomic location several times, with the evolutionary timings of these translocations being identical to those of intron-loss. We further showed that HEs maintain the promoter sequence upstream of them after translocation. Therefore, teleostean HEs are unique genes which have changed intra- (exon-intron) and extra-genomic structure (genomic loci) several times, although their indispensability for the reproductive process of hatching implies that HE genes are translocated by retrocopy with their promoter sequence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".