Variability of Surface Water <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago From 2010 to 2016
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study provides 6 years of high‐resolution underway measurements of the sea surface partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2sw ), sea surface temperature, and salinity across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Observed p CO 2sw varied regionally, with the northern and central channels of the CAA undersaturated in p CO 2sw (with respect to the atmosphere), while the western regions were typically saturated to supersaturated in p CO 2sw . This apparent spatial variability was caused to some extent by the timing of our ship transit through the CAA, as we also found a general seasonal trend of p CO 2sw being undersaturated in the early summer, followed by saturation to supersaturation in late summer, and a return to undersaturation during the autumn. Sea surface temperature was significantly correlated with p CO 2sw at various locations across the CAA, but we also observed the effects of other regional processes like upwelling, primary production, riverine input, and sea ice melt. These processes are linked to each other, and hence, it is impossible to pinpoint only one dominant factor controlling p CO 2sw variability in the CAA. However, we found that sea ice dominates the seasonal cycle of all these processes, thus making the timing of sea ice breakup a useful predictor of p CO 2sw variability in the CAA. We calculated an average net oceanic sink of 14 mmol CO 2 · m −2 · day −1 for the CAA during the summer and autumn seasons, but caution that a more rigorous budgeting approach is required to fully account for biases in dates and locations of our measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".