Dynamic Behavior of a Granular Medium Subjected to Resonant Column Tests: Application to Ottawa Sand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This research is based on the results of 120 determinations of the shear modulus (G) of a saturated granular medium (20-40 Ottawa sand) for different conditions of relative density (Dr), effective consolidation pressure (σ’c), and level of torsional excitation (Te) obtained through the measurement of the resonant frequency (Fr) in resonant column equipment. The tests were performed with relative density values equal to 20, 40, 60, and 80 %; effective consolidation pressures of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kPa; and torsional excitations of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 V. The proposed experimental program is described in detail, in addition to the systematic process of analysis to properly study and interpret the results obtained for samples subjected to cyclic loading. In general, the results indicate that it is possible to establish very simple empirical functions of the resonant frequency as a function of the angular strain and of the effective consolidation pressure. It is concluded that is statistically significant to consider the shear modulus and the resonant frequency related by a constant value M for each type of soil. In this sense, a methodology is proposed herein to be able to obtain from a very small number of tests the variation trends of the shear modulus as a function of the angular strain for different effective consolidation pressures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".