Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Latin America, several sources of environmental airborne and waterborne manganese have been identified, including manganese mining and transformation, use of manganese-based pesticides and drinking water. Studies have shown negative associations between hair manganese and cognitive function and positive associations with behavioral problems. Manganese is an essential element and as such, the study of its neurotoxicity poses several challenges, both physiologically and socially. Manganese requirements vary with sex and over the life cycle; women of childbearing age have the highest concentrations of blood manganese and they increase further during gestation. Both human and animal studies have shown sex-dependent differences in manganese neurotoxicity, which as well may differ through the lifespan. Manganese is further influenced by iron intake and metabolism, making it not only an issue of physiological interaction, but also of social inequality. In many Latin American countries, the prevalence of anemia surpasses 30% in pre-school children. This presentation will examine how studies on manganese neurotoxicity from Mexico, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Brazil address these factors and make recommendations for future work, with a view to reduction of exposure and effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".