Mitochondrial matrix <scp>pH</scp> acidifies during anoxia and is maintained by the F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>‐<scp>ATP</scp>ase in anoxia‐tolerant painted turtle cortical neurons
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The western painted turtle ( Chrysemys picta bellii ) can survive extended periods of anoxia via a series of mechanisms that serve to reduce its energetic needs. Central to these mechanisms is the response of mitochondria, which depolarize in response to anoxia in turtle pyramidal neurons due to an influx of K + . It is currently unknown how mitochondrial matrix pH is affected by this response and we hypothesized that matrix pH acidifies during anoxia due to increased K + /H + exchanger activity. Inhibition of K + /H + exchange via quinine led to a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψ m ) during oxygenated conditions in turtle cortical neurons, as indicated by rhodamine‐123 fluorescence, and this occurred twice as quickly during anoxia which indicates an elevation in K + conductance. Mitochondrial matrix pH acidified during anoxia, as indicated by SNARF ‐1 fluorescence imaged via confocal microscopy, and further acidification occurred during anoxia when the F 1 F o ‐ ATP ase was inhibited with oligomycin‐A, indicating that ΔpH collapse is prevented during anoxic conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that the mitochondrial proton electrochemical gradient is actively preserved during anoxia to prevent a collapse of Ψ m and ΔpH.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it