Substance Use and Sexual Risk Taking in Emerging Adults with a History of Bullying Victimization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bullying victimization is a chronic stressor that can make it difficult for victims to cope in more adaptive ways. Consequently, victims may engage in health risk behaviors such as substance use and sexual risk taking to cope with bullying experiences. However, the specific types of emotional problems (e.g., anxiety, depression) victims cope with remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine which mental health difficulties may function as pathways linking bullying victimization with both substance use and sexual risk taking in a sample of emerging adults ( N = 650; 336 women, 314 men; M age = 20.07, SD = 1.70). Mediation analyses provided some support for hypotheses. Bullying victimization had significant direct effects on substance use and sexual risk taking. In addition, bullying victimization had a significant indirect effect on substance use through depressive symptoms and significant indirect effects on sexual risk taking through anxiety symptoms and self-esteem. Emerging adults with a history of bullying victimization may use less adaptive coping strategies such as substance use and sexual risk taking to manage emotional problems such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and/or low self-esteem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".