Tunable Branchline Coupler Using Microfluidic Channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A branchline coupler is presented that uses 12 microfluidic channels (3 per branch) to tune its center frequency. A lumped-element equivalent circuit model (ECM) is extracted for the fluidic channels and is used to predict the response of the coupler prior to fabrication. The circuit is realized on a 1.524-mm-thick Rogers 4003C substrate with εr= 3.55. The microfluidic channels are milled through the ground backplane and are filled with ethyl acetate (C4H8O2), for which εr= 6.00. Experiments with the coupler show that starting with empty (i.e., air-filled) channels and progressively filling them with the fluid, the center frequency of the coupler can be tuned from 2.19 to 1.80 GHz, yielding a tuning range of 19.5%. A comparison between the modeled and measured results shows that the ECM predicted the coupler tuning range with an error below 2.8%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".