<p>Supraspinatus muscle location changes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a potential source of preoperatively predicting tear patterns</p>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: When repairing retracted rotator cuff tears, the tear pattern (eg, crescent-shaped, L-shaped) is best determined intraoperatively by evaluating the mobility of the tendon in multiple directions. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the location of the supraspinatus (SSP) muscle belly on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of retracted rotator cuff tears. We hypothesized that the location of the rotator cuff muscle would move after tendon repair, and that the perioperative change in muscle position would correlate with the tear pattern. METHODS: A series of primary arthroscopic repairs for rotator cuff tears with >3 cm of medial retraction from 2015 to 2016 was reviewed. MRIs were performed preoperatively and within 10 days postoperatively. The SSP muscle was assessed on sagittal MRI and evaluated for the "occupation ratio", "tangent sign", and the "location index" proposed in this study. Pre and postoperative MRIs were compared, and correlated with intraoperatively determined tear patterns. Fifty shoulders without rotator cuff pathology were also assessed for the "location index" as control. RESULTS: Fifty-nine shoulders (mean age 65.0 years) were included, among which five reverse L-shaped tears were identified. The occupation ratio and tangent sign improved postoperatively. Preoperatively, in the majority of tears, the SSP muscle was located more posteriorly in the SSP fossa, compared to the control group, and shifted anteriorly after repair. However, in reverse L-shaped tears the SSP muscle was located more centrally in the fossa, and shifted posteriorly following repair. CONCLUSION: Rotator cuff tearing and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair change the location of the SSP muscle. Although repair usually results in shifting of the muscle belly from posterior to anterior, reverse L-shaped tears demonstrated an opposite pattern. The location of the SSP muscle belly may be useful in predicting tear patterns of retracted rotator cuff tears. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV (case series).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".