Interpretation of bender element test results using sliding Fourier transform method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Identification of the arrival point of the shear wave in bender element tests is a task that can have ambiguous results. The contamination of the received shear wave signal with a weak P-wave component, which can emerge either directly from the transmitter or reflect from the side boundary, makes the judgement involved in this task dubious. The different available procedures to mark the arrival times of the shear wave are often prone to errors. A method is proposed to identify the time of the arrival of the shear wave. The predominant frequency of the received signal is first evaluated and then, with the help of the sliding Fourier transform approach, the arrival of the shear wave is identified. The method does not require any manual intervention. The proposed approach is applied to bender element tests performed on dry and saturated sand and glass beads by varying (i) input frequency of the signal, (ii) confining pressure, and (iii) void ratio. Results for different cases, including those obtained by using resonant column tests, are found to be very promising.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".