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Record W2917952026 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v72i1.2865

Evaluation of Physical Assessment Education for Practising Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2019· article· en· W2917952026 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Arden R. Barry, Greg Egan, Ricky D. Turgeon, Marianna Leung

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicInnovations in Medical Education
Canadian institutionsSt. Paul's HospitalUniversity of AlbertaVancouver General HospitalNative Mental Health Association of CanadaUniversity of British Columbia
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCross-sectional studyFamily medicineMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACTBackground: Pharmacists are now seeking to incorporate physical assess-ment (PA) into their practices. This trend prompted the creation, by the British Columbia Branch of the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharma-cists, of a 30-h course specifically designed for practising pharmacists.Objective: To evaluate pharmacists’ knowledge, skills, and confidence in performing PA after completing the course.Methods: All course participants were invited to complete 2 anonymous online surveys, immediately and 6 months after course completion.Results: Of the 218 participants, 82 (38%) responded to the survey administered immediately after the course, and 77 (35%) completed this survey in full. About half of the respondents (39/79 [49%]) reported use of PA on a real patient before taking the course. Lack of formal training and lack of comfort were the most frequently selected barriers to performing PA. All respondents (79/79) agreed that the course had improved their knowledge of PA, 96% (76/79) agreed that it had improved their skills, and 90% (71/79) agreed that it had improved their ability to care for patients. In addition, 61% (48/79) and 67% (53/79), respectively, agreed that they felt confident performing PA and intervening with regard to a patient’s drug therapy on the basis of physical findings. Thirty-eight (17%) of the course participants completed the 6-month follow-up survey. In that survey, the most frequently selected barrier to performing PA was lack of time. Paired data, available for 23 respondents, showed a significant increase in use of PA on real patients over time (p = 0.013 by 2 test). However, there was no significant improvement in confidence in performing PA or intervening on a patient’s drug therapy on the basis of physical findings (p > 0.05 by 2-sided t test). The primary limitation of this study was potential responder bias.Conclusions: A PA course designed for pharmacists improved participants’ self-reported knowledge and skills, as well as self-perceived ability to care for patients. Six months after the course, two-thirds of respondents had used PA in practice. However, there was no improvement in confidence in performing such assessments or using the findings to intervene on a patient’s drug therapy.RÉSUMÉContexte : Les pharmaciens cherchent désormais à ajouter l’examen physique à leurs pratiques. Cette tendance a motivé la section britanno-colombienne de la Société canadienne des pharmaciens d’hôpitaux à créer un cours de 30 heures conçu spécialement pour les pharmaciens en exercice.Objectif : Évaluer les connaissances, les compétences et le degré d’aisance des pharmaciens ayant suivi le cours portant sur la réalisation d’examens physiques.Méthodes : Tous les participants au cours ont été invités à remplir deux sondages anonymes en ligne : l’un à la fin du cours et l’autre six mois après la fin du cours.Résultats : Des 218 participants, 82 (38 %) ont répondu partiellement au sondage mené immédiatement à la fin du cours et 77 (35 %) y ont répondu en entier. Environ la moitié des répondants (39/79 [49 %]) ont indiqué avoir réalisé un examen physique en situation réelle avant d’avoir suivi le cours. Les facteurs les plus fréquents propres à dissuader le pharma-cien de réaliser un examen physique étaient l’absence de formation officielle et le manque d’aisance. Tous les répondants ont indiqué que le cours avait accru leurs connaissances de l’examen physique, 96 % (76/79) ont affirmé qu’il avait amélioré leurs compétences et 90 % (71/79) ont déclaré qu’il avait amélioré leur capacité à soigner les patients. De plus, 61 % (48/79) et 67 % d’entre eux (53/79) ont indiqué respectivement qu’ils se sentaient à l’aise de réaliser des examens physiques et d’agir sur la pharmacothérapie du patient en fonction des résultats de l’examen. Trente-huit (17 %) participants ont répondu au sondage mené six mois après le cours. Ce sondage a révélé que le manque de temps était le facteur le plus souvent évoqué pour faire obstacle à la réalisation d’examens physiques. Des données appariées de 23 répondants ont montré une aug-mentation significative du recours à l’examen physique en situation réelle au fil du temps (p = 0,013 par test 2). Cependant, on n’a noté aucune amélioration significative de l’aisance à réaliser des examens physiques ou à agir sur la pharmacothérapie d’un patient en fonction des résultats d’un examen physique (p > 0,05 par un test t bilatéral). La principale limite de la présente étude était un biais potentiel dans les réponses. Conclusions : Un cours sur l’examen physique conçu pour les pharmaciens a amélioré les connaissances et les compétences autodéclarées des participants ainsi que ce qu’ils croient être leurs capacités à soigner les patients. Six mois après le cours, deux tiers des répondants avaient réalisé un examen physique dans leur pratique. Cependant, on n’a noté aucune amélioration de l’aisance à réaliser de tels examens ou à en utiliser les résultats pour agir sur la pharmacothérapie du patient.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.022

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.074
GPT teacher head0.481
Teacher spread0.408 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations8
Published2019
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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