LANGUAGE CONTACTS IN CANADA AND THEIR LINGUISTIC CONSEQUENCES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article examines one of the examples of how the English language influences French in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, where due to intensive language contacts with the local French language there has appeared a special code named chiac. This linguistic structure becomes a distinctive marker of francophones at the south-east of the province, a kind of symbol of their resistance to both the English language and standard French. By the example of chiac the author examines the convergence of Canada’s two major languages through the lenses of the south-eastern residence area of New Brunswick francophones. The analysis of linguistic material has allowed the author to conclude about the considerable level of Anglicisation of the French language, in particular, at the lexical level, and to identify three ways to assimilate borrowings by the recipient language: adaptation, non-assimilation and semantic assimilation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.030 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".