Minimalist Design of Efficient, Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feasible production process and excellent device stability are significant prerequisites for the practical application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a systemic strategy is developed to fabricate stable, minimalist PSCs without a conventional electron/hole transport layer. The engineering is carried out by surface modification of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and incorporation of perovskite film with NiO nanoparticles (NPs). Notably, the surface modification can impart an unexpected porous structure to the FTO substrate, thereby facilitating efficient diffusion and deposition of perovskite. Besides, the incorporated NiO NPs passivate the defects of perovskite film, resulting in the increase of perovskite grain size, decrease of grain boundary density, and increase of film thickness. Synergistic improvements in film quality and interfacial contact enhance charge transport/extraction capacity and suppress electron/hole recombination. Consequently, the stabilized efficiency of 14.65% is realized for this modified FTO/MAPbI 3 –NiO/Ag device, with excellent moisture and thermal stability. Overall, this work provides a viable strategy for accelerating the commercialization of PSCs due to the significant process simplification and cost reduction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".