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Record W2919294382 · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000048

Clarifying the Relation Between Alcohol Demand and Alcohol-related Relative Reinforcement and Driving After Drinking in a Canadian Community Sample

2019· article· en· W2919294382 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Herry Patel, Derek D. Reed, James MacKillop, Michael Amlung

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Addiction · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Canadian institutionsMcMaster UniversityHomewood Research InstituteSt. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton
FundersNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
KeywordsAlcoholSample (material)ReinforcementRelation (database)PsychologyAlcohol consumptionEnvironmental healthSocial psychologyMedicineComputer scienceBiologyChemistryData miningChromatography

Abstract

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ABSTRACTRésumé Objective: Previous studies examining associations between elevated behavioural economic alcohol demand and rates of driving after drinking (DAD) have primarily focused on university students in the United States. It is unclear whether similar associations exist in community adults and in other locations. Furthermore, the role of proportionate alcohol reinforcement (e.g., reinforcement derived from alcohol vs nonalcohol-related activities) has not been investigated in relation to DAD. The goal of this study was to investigate cognitive and behavioural economic factors related to DAD in a large community sample of Canadian adults. Methods: Participants (N = 926) were extracted from the “Population Assessment for Tomorrow's Health” registry, a sample of adults from the Hamilton, ON community. Primary assessments included a hypothetical alcohol purchase task assessing alcohol demand, the Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule to assess proportionate alcohol reinforcement, a driving behaviours questionnaire assessing driving-related cognitions and DAD frequency. Results: In separate hierarchical regression models predicting DAD frequency and lifetime DAD quantity (adjusting for age, sex, income, and drinking quantity), individuals with elevated alcohol demand and alcohol-related reinforcement showed greater engagement in DAD. Importantly, relative reinforcement accounted for unique variance beyond alcohol demand. Conclusions: These results extend the established relationship between alcohol demand and DAD to a large sample of Canadian adults. Furthermore, this study is the first to establish a unique association between alcohol-related reinforcement and DAD. These results suggest that alcohol-related reinforcement may be a useful target for alcohol-impaired driving interventions. Objectif: Des études antérieures portant sur l’association entre la demande élevée d’alcool ayant une incidence sur le comportement et le taux élevé de conduite en état d’ébriété (DAD) étaient principalement axées sur les étudiants universitaires aux États-Unis. Il n’est pas clair si de telles associations existent au niveau des adultes de la communauté ou d’ailleurs. En outre, le rôle du renforcement proportionnel à l’alcool (par exemple, le renforcement dérivé d’activités liées à l’alcool par rapport à des activités non liées à l’alcool) n’a pas été étudié en relation avec la DAD. Le but de cette étude était d’étudier les facteurs d’économie cognitive et comportementale liés à la DAD dans un large échantillon d’adultes canadiens. Méthodes: Les participants (N = 926) ont été recueillis dans le registre «Évaluation de la population pour améliorer la santé de demain» (PATH), un échantillon d’adultes de la communauté de Hamilton, ON. Les évaluations primaires comprenaient une tâche d’achat d’alcool hypothétique visant à évaluer la demande d’alcool, le programme d’enquêtes sur le renforcement des capacités chez les adolescents pour comparer les résultats, un questionnaire sur les comportements de conduite routière évaluant les cognitions liées à la conduite et la fréquence des DAD. Résultats: Dans les modèles de régression hiérarchique distincts prédisant la fréquence et la quantité de DAD au cours de la vie (ajustement en fonction de l’âge, du sexe, du revenu et de la consommation), les individus avec une fréquence élevée d’alcool et un renforcement d’activités lié à l’alcool montraient un plus grand engagement dans DAD. Fait important, le renforcement relatif explique la variance unique par rapport à la demande d’alcool. Conclusions: Ces résultats renforcent la relation établie entre la consommation d’alcool et DAD à un large échantillon d’adultes canadiens. En outre, cette étude est la première à établir une association unique entre le renforcement lié à l’alcool et le DAD. Ces résultats suggèrent que le renforcement lié à l’alcool pourrait être une cible utile pour les interventions de conduite routière avec facultés affaiblies par l’alcool.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.012
Threshold uncertainty score0.075

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0030.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.261
Teacher spread0.233 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations11
Published2019
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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