Contraction flow of ionomers and their corresponding copolymers: Ionic and hydrogen bonding effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The contraction flow of several commercial ionomer melts and their corresponding copolymers was studied numerically using a viscoelastic integral constitutive model developed by Kaye and Bernstein, Kearsley, and Zapas, known as the K-BKZ model. First a detailed rheological characterization was performed to calculate the parameters of the K-BKZ model used in the flow simulations. The effects of ionic and hydrogen bonding associations have been studied on the entry pressure drop, on the corner vortex in the capillary contraction, as well as on the vortex strength. In all cases, the ionomers exhibit much more significant effects compared to their copolymers, the more so as the number of ionic associations present in their backbone increases. This is due to strong ionic associations present in the ionomers that give rise to strong strain hardening effects important in entry flows. Compared to ionic associations, the effects of hydrogen bonds are insignificant particularly at levels less than 5 mol. %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".