Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second Is Not Affected by Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Cycling Exercise in Individuals with Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of diesel exhaust (DE) exposure before and during cycling exercise in individuals with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) on lung function following the inhalation of a bronchodilating agent (salbutamol, SAL).METHODS: Seventeen 22-34 year-olds (9 females) with an EIB diagnosis were included in this double-blind randomized crossover study. In four exposure visits, participants performed a 30-minute cycling bout while breathing either DE or filtered air (FA) after the inhalation of either 400μg of SAL or placebo (PLA). After the inhalation of SAL or PLA, participants sat in the exposure chamber for 60 minutes. Following this rest period, participants cycled for 30 minutes at 50% of peak work rate achieved on their screening visit. During both the rest and cycling bouts, participants breathed either DE (PM2.5 = 300μg/m3) or FA. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was assessed at baseline, after the 60-minute resting period, immediately upon completion of the cycle bout, and 60 minutes after the completion of the exercise bout (~3 hours after IBA treatment). Participants were asked to withhold asthma medication 12 hours prior to testing.RESULTS: The inhalation of SAL led to a significant increase in FEV1 in the DE (baseline: 3.5±0.9L; 60 minutes following rest: 3.8±1.0L, p=0.04) and FA condition (baseline: 3.5±0.9L; 60min: following rest: 3.8±0.9L, p=0.02). Breathing DE at rest and during the cycle bout did not lead to changes in FEV1 (p= 0.67). After the inhalation of PLA, FEV1 averaged consistently at 3.5-3.6L (±0.9L) in the DE and FA conditions across all four measurement points (p > 0.05). The cycle exercise did not affect FEV1, meaning that participants neither experienced exercise-induced bronchoconstriction nor bronchodilation.CONCLUSIONS: The exposure to DE prior to and during a 30-minute cycle bout does not affect FEV1 in individuals with EIB following the inhalation of a bronchodilating agent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".