Broadband terahertz generation near the reststrahlen band in LiNbO3 waveguides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Waveguides having a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) core are investigated for the generation of terahertz (THz) radiation, where second-order nonlinear susceptibility enhancement is utilized to produce the THz radiation via optical rectification. Although reststrahlen band losses are high in the vicinity where the nonlinear susceptibility exhibits enhancement, these losses are avoided by restricting the core to have sub-micron dimensions, thus allowing the generated THz radiation to propagate along the guide with >90% of its intensity outside the lossy LiNbO3 core. The generated radiation exhibits a spectral distribution having a central frequency of 5.6 THz and a full-width half maximum bandwidth of 1.3 THz. The THz electric field pulse has an amplitude of 2 kV/cm and is produced at the conversion efficiency of 0.025%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".