Demographics and Phenotypic Behavior of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in South Asians Living in the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
2807_A Figure 1. Characteristics of South Asian IBD patientsIntroduction: The incidence and prevalence rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been rising in Southasian populations. Studies from United Kingdom and Canada have shown increased risk of developing IBD when immigration occurred at a younger age and incidence among second generation immigrants similar to non-immigrants suggesting the role of environment as a risk factor for developing IBD. Thus far no studies in the United States (US) population address this issue. Our aim was to determine the demographics, disease type, behavior and phenotypic variation of IBD in Southasians living in the US. Methods: Clinical and demographic data from adult Southasians with IBD were abstracted from review of medical records and telephone interview after institutional review board approval. Additional information regarding patients and parents' place of birth, time of immigration, family history of IBD, diet, smoking history, disease extent and behavior, as well as need for hospitalizations and surgical history was obtained. Results: Among 37 Southasians with IBD; 18 (49%) had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 19 (51%) had Crohn's disease (CD). Mean age at diagnosis was 27+/-11 years. 2 patients (11%) with UC and 2 patients (10%) with CD had a positive family history of IBD. Patient characteristics comparing UC versus CD is reported in Table 1. Additional data regarding immigration status and diet were obtained via telephone interview from 20 patients. Sixteen out of 20 were first generation immigrants [UC: 8(50%) and CD: 8(50%)]. Mean age at IBD diagnosis was significantly younger in second generation immigrants comparing to first generation immigrants (18+/-3 vs 32+/-14; p< 0.02). Prevalence of EIMs, hospitalizations and history of bowel surgeries were similar between first and second generation immigrants (Table 2). Although second generation had more of a westernized diet, this did not seem to influence the disease severity and/or behavior.2807_B Figure 2. Patient demographics and disease characteristics by generationConclusion: Disease extent and location in our Southasians was predominantly pancolitis in UC and ileocolonic in CD. Second generation patients were younger age at diagnosis of IBD and had more of a westernized diet, but no other differences were found in comparison to first generation patients. Information on racial variability in disease phenotypic expression may help identify both genetic and environmental factors associated with IBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".