Liquid-crystal polymer actuators for electrically powered shape change and motion (Conference Presentation)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this talk, we will report a study of using electric power to trigger programmed shape changes and motions of a liquid crystal polymer network (LCN). The used LCN is a photocrosslinkable main-chain liquid crystal polymer (Tg and clearing temperature near room temperature and 60 oC respectively) that, upon stretching, can undergo large plastic elongation to form monodomain of uniaxial LC orientation before photocrosslinking. By sandwiching thin and flexible conducting wires between a LCN strip and Kapton tape (polyimide film), the resistive heating effect is used to activate the LC-isotropic (order-disorder) phase transition of the LCN and produce reversible bending of the strip at voltage-on and unbending at voltage-off state. The robust, electric field-induced deformation can be repeated for thousands of times without fatigue; and the deformation amplitude and speed are dependent upon the applied voltage. By taking advantage of the great processability of the LCN, complex shapes of the polymer actuator can be prepared at the field-off state. We show that by depositing the conducting wire with Kapton tape in selected areas of the LCN strip (either side or “pattering” on one surface), upon application of a programmed square-wave electric field, versatile shape changes and motions, including locomotion and periodic twisting/unwinding, can be achieved. In certain cases, the electric power is transformed into physical work through the LCN actuation. Possible applications will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".