Understanding ATV use: perceptions of impact and actual impact on dune systems in New Brunswick, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increases in illegal all-terrain vehicle (ATV) in New Brunswick (NB), Canada, causes concern for the integrity of beaches and dune systems. Using self-administered questionnaires (n=289), we compared three NB communities: Pointe-Sapin, Escuminac, and Miscou Island. Findings show that Miscou residents perceived impacts upon dune photographs as higher than Pointe-Sapin and were more accepting of ATV management than Pointe-Sapin. In concert, we compared plant community characteristics between ATV trails on Miscou Island and non-ATV use dunes in Kouchibouguac National Park and found that where ATV trail ruts were greatest, measures of species richness increased with distance from the trail. Based on residents perceived main threat to dunes, residents may have ranked the dune photographs by vegetation cover which was seen to decrease due to rut depth on direct plots. Few studies link human dimensions with recreation ecology on coastal sand dunes, and these findings provide direction for managers in NB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".