Phenology and cultivation of <i>Suillus bovinus</i>, an edible mycorrhizal fungus, in a <i>Pinus massoniana</i> plantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Edible mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are a valuable forest resource, both in terms of their ecological functions as a symbiont of host trees and because of their edible sporocarps. In this study, we characterized the morphological features of Suillus bovinus, a dominant EMF associated with Pinus massoniana Lamb., and conducted a 3-year field survey to clarify the phenology of S. bovinus sporocarps. The morphological features of S. bovinus were generally in accordance with those reported by previous studies, and S. bovinus sporocarp production was largely influenced by meteorological conditions and the intra-annual growth rhythm of P. massoniana. The monthly fruiting pattern of sporocarps correlated with monthly variations in temperature (P < 0.01) and precipitation (P < 0.05). Sporocarp productivity increased as the temperature or precipitation increased and it decreased as the temperature or precipitation decreased. The correlation between P. massoniana growth stages and the production of mature sporocarps was also significant (P < 0.01); sporocarps were mainly formed during the shoot elongation stage, shoot growth ceased stage, and vegetative growth period. The sporocarp productivity data plus the economic evaluation indicate that a considerable amount of S. bovinus sporocarps could be produced in P. massoniana plantations, which merits further commercial use. To facilitate commercial use, both the morphological features of the association formed by S. bovinus and P. massoniana and the influences that determine S. bovinus fruiting should be taken into consideration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".