Effect of different doses of inhaled ciclesonide on lung function, clinical signs related to airflow limitation and serum cortisol levels in horses with experimentally induced mild to severe airway obstruction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Background Inhaled corticosteroids are effective for the treatment of equine asthma but they induce cortisol suppression with potential side effects. Objectives To study the efficacy of ciclesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid with an improved safety profile, on lung function, clinical signs related to airway obstruction, and serum cortisol levels in asthmatic horses exposed to a mouldy hay challenge. Study design Cross‐over placebo controlled, blinded, randomised experiment. Methods Sixteen horses were enrolled in three subsequent dose‐titration studies (8 horses/study) to investigate the effects of inhaled ciclesonide administered for 2 weeks at doses ranging from 450 to 2700 μg twice daily or 3712.5 μg once daily. Systemic dexamethasone (0.066 mg/kg per os) was our positive control. A placebo group was also studied. Lung function and clinical scores were blindly performed before and after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Serum cortisol was measured before and after 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 days of treatment as well as 3 and 7 days post treatment. Results After 7 days, dexamethasone induced a significant reduction in pulmonary resistance (from 2.5 ± 0.6 at day 0 to 1.1 ± 0.7 cm H 2 O/L/s), pulmonary elastance (5.0 ± 2.6 to 1.2 ± 1.0 cm H 2 O/L), and of the weighted clinical score (14.8 ± 4.7 to 8.0 ± 4.4). Similarly, ciclesonide 1687.5 μg twice daily significantly improved pulmonary resistance (2.7 ± 1.1 to 1.6 ± 0.8 cm H 2 O/L/s), pulmonary elastance (5.2 ± 3.1 to 2.2 ± 1.3 cm H 2 O/L), and weighted clinical score (13 ± 2.9 to 10.8 ± 4.2). Serum cortisol suppression (<50 nmol/L) systematically occurred with dexamethasone from day 3 of treatment up to day 3 post treatment, but not with ciclesonide at any tested doses. Placebo did not exert any significant beneficial effect. Main limitations Experimentally induced asthma exacerbations in horses might respond differently to treatment than naturally occurring exacerbations. Conclusions Inhaled ciclesonide is an effective treatment for horses with equine asthma. Serum cortisol was unaffected by treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".