Economic Recession and Changing Consumption Patterns: Evidence from Lagos Metropolis.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After two consecutive quarters of a negative growth rate in the Nigeria's gross domestic products (GDP), Nigeria was declared to be technically in a recession by the end of the second quarter of 2016. In addition to the review of the literature, a survey was also undertaken, involving 421 shoppers in the three outlets of Shoprite in Lagos metropolis, selected by a systematic sampling technique. Based on a dataset from the 421 respondents, the paper conducted a statistical analysis to detect the changes in the consumption patterns of the shoppers due to the current economic crisis in the country. Results of the correlation analysis showed that the current economic crisis in the country has significantly affected consumption patterns of majority of the respondents. The crisis has led a large number of respondents to substantially reduce consumption of luxury products and a simple majority to slightly reduce consumption of necessities. It was concluded that the recession has affected the purchasing power of consumers thus, leading to the changes in their consumption patterns. Both the policy and managerial implications of the finding were highlighted in the paper. Keywords: Business cycle, consumption patterns, consumers and economic recession.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".