Bibliographic record
Abstract
English as an international language (EIL) refers to the use of English as a means by which people from different parts of the world communicate with each other. Geopolitics concerns political power within and across geographic space. Within this broadly defined EIL context, this entry frames the political power of assessment and addresses this power from two dimensions. The first dimension is the geopolitics of international language testing, which deals with the testing of proficiency in English by speakers of other languages whose purpose of taking the test is to pursue academic study in English‐speaking countries, such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The second dimension focuses on the testing of proficiency in English by speakers of other languages whose purpose is for schooling in English‐speaking countries, such as the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) in Canada and the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) policy in the United States.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".