Bimanual finger movements are not susceptible to early response triggering by a startling acoustic stimulus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pre-programmed responses can be triggered early and involuntarily when a loud startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) is presented. This effect has been attributed to additional drive from reticulospinal centres associated with the startle reflex. However, movements that are mainly innervated by cortico-motoneural pathways, such as intrinsic hand movements, are resistant to startle-triggering. This absence of StartReact implies that only movements with substantial reticulospinal drive can be triggered early by a SAS. Recent evidence suggests increased involvement of the reticulospinal tract in bilateral compared to unilateral actions. Therefore, this study investigated the susceptibility of unimanual versus bimanual finger movements to early release by a SAS, with the prediction that only bimanual movements would be subject to the StartReact effect. Participants (n=10) performed 80 simple reaction time (RT) trials for both unimanual and bimanual index finger abduction tasks in response to a control tone (82dB) or SAS (115dB). Results showed that RTs were significantly shorter for both unimanual and bimanual movements on SAS trials (p
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".