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Evidence for widespread hydrated minerals on asteroid (101955) Bennu
Amy Simon, P. R. Christensen, Dennis C. Reuter, B. E. Clark, M. A. Barucci, N. E. Bowles, W. V. Boynton, J. R. Brucato, E. A. Cloutis, H. C. Connolly, Joshua P. Emery, H. Enos, S. Fornasier, R. D. Hanna, E. S. Howell, H. H. Kaplan, L. P. Keller, C. Lantz, Jian‐Yang Li, L. F. Lim, T. J. McCoy, F. Merlin, M. C. Nolan, A. Praet, B. Rozitis, Scott A. Sandford, D. L. Schrader, Cristina A. Thomas, Xiao‐Duan Zou, D. S. Lauretta, D. E. Highsmith, Jeffrey L. Small, David Vokrouhlický, Eric Brown, T. Warren, C. Brunet, R. A. Chicoine, Serge Desjardins, D. Gaudreau, T. Haltigin, S. Millington-Veloza, A. Rubi, José C. Aponte, Nicolas Gorius, A. W. Lunsford, B. Allen, J. E. Grindlay, David Joseph Guevel, D. Hoak, Jae Sub Hong, J. Bayron, Oleksiy Golubov, Paul Sánchez, J. Stromberg, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Christine Hartzell, S. Oliver, M. Rascon, A. Harch, J. Joseph, S. W. Squyres, D. C. Richardson, L. McGraw, R. R. Ghent, Richard P. Binzel, M. Al Asad, C. L. Johnson, L. Philpott, H. C. M. 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Williams, Kenneth E. Williams, Peter Wolff, P. O. Hayne, D. Kubitschek, M. A. Barucci, J. D. P. Deshapriya, S. Fornasier, M. Fulchignoni, P. H. Hasselmann, E. B. Bierhaus, O. Billett, A. Boggs, Brian Buck, S. Carlson-Kelly, Jorge Cerna, K. Chaffin, E. Church, Michael E. Coltrin, J. Daly, A.F. deGuzman, R. Dubisher, D. Eckart, D. Ellis, P. Falkenstern, A. T. Fisher, Mark Fisher, P. Fleming, K. Fortney, S. Francis, S. Freund, S. Gonzales, P. Haas, A. Hasten, D. Hauf, A. Hilbert, D. Howell, F. Jaen, Nimesh Jayakody, M. Jenkins, K. Johnson, Mathilde Lefevre, H. Ma, Courtney Mario, Kimberly K. Martin, C. May, M. McGee, B.I. Miller, C. Miller, Graham Miller, A. Mirfakhrai, E. Muhle, Chris Norman, Ryan Olds, C. L. Parish, M. Ryle, M. Schmitzer, Paul S. Sherman, M. Skeen, M. Susak, B. Sutter, Quoc Phuong Tran, Chris Welch, RP Witherspoon, John A. Wood, J. Zareski, M. Arvizu-Jakubicki, Erik Asphaug, E. Audi, R.-L. Ballouz, R. Bandrowski, K. J. Becker, T. L. Becker, S. P. Bendall, C. A. 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S. Barnouin, K. L. Craft, R. T. Daly, C. M. Ernst, R. C. Espiritu, Mark E. Holdridge, Melissa R. Jones, Hari Nair, L. Nguyen, J. Peachey, M. E. Perry, J. B. Plescia, J. H. Roberts, Josh Steele, R. E. Turner, J. Backer, K. L. Edmundson, J. Mapel, M. P. Milazzo, S. Sides, C. Manzoni, B. May, M. Delbo’, G. Libourel, Patrick Michel, A. Ryan, Florian Thuillet, Bernard Marty
Bibliographic record
VenueNature Astronomy · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstro and Planetary Science
Canadian institutionsRoyal Ontario MuseumYork UniversityUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of WinnipegUniversity of TorontoUniversity of CalgaryCanadian Space Agency
FundersScience and Technology Facilities CouncilGoddard Space Flight CenterArizona State UniversityNational Aeronautics and Space Administration
KeywordsAsteroidRegolithAstrobiologyChondriteInfraredMeteoriteImpact craterGeologyChemistryMineralogyPhysicsAstronomy
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.027
Threshold uncertainty score0.054
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.271
Teacher spread0.253 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations334
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractno