Freedom of Religion, Secularism, and Human Rights
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This interdisciplinary volume examines the relationship between secularism, freedom of religion, and human rights in legal, theoretical, historical, and political perspective. It brings together chapters from leading scholars of human rights, law and religion, political theory, religious studies, and history, and provides insights into the debate about the relationship between these concepts. It draws on constitutional and political discourses not only from Western Europe and the United States, but also from India, the Arab world, and Malaysia. Chapter 1 argues that the history of the interrelationship between secularity and freedom of conscience could be seen as a struggle over the organization and management of intolerance. Chapter 2 discusses secularism in terms of the principled distance of state from religion, requiring the state to respect religiosity but oppose institutionalized religious domination. Chapter 3 deals with Arab constitutions under which religious freedom is guaranteed but also circumscribed by the interests of community, official religion, and state. Chapter 4, highlighting the tensions around proselytization and conversion, discusses the way that ‘public order’ is often invoked to legitimize a religious/ethnic majoritarian agenda. Chapter 5 reinterprets contemporary ECtHR religious freedom cases in historical perspective. Chapter 6 considers the diversity of American religion and the ongoing difficulty of defining religion for US law. Finally, Chapter 7 cites a double threat faced by Europe—on one hand fundamentalist religion, on the other negative secularism—and seeks a positive secularism to embrace diversity of all types, religious and non-religious.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".