Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper sheds light on the creative interpretation of Ghadar’s legacy by the Marxist Punjabi movement in Pakistan, which began in the 1960s. Putting Ghadar di Goonj and Ghadar’s cultural politics into conversation with the work of these contemporary activists sheds light on unexplored facets of both. It unveils how these activists invoke Ghadar to subvert the narrow discourse of “Punjabiyat” and avoid being reduced to an ethno-linguistic and nationalist movement in a country where Punjab remains the dominant region, and allows an appreciation of the politics of language which underpinned Ghadri poetry. The intertwining of these histories of literary dissent reveals how Ghadar’s cultural politics connect with the Punjabi movement through an understanding of Punjabi as a working class language, and a vessel for subaltern consciousness and native traditions of revolt.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.028 | 0.039 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".