Solution-Processable n-Type Tin Phthalocyanines in Organic Thin Film Transistors and as Ternary Additives in Organic Photovoltaics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tin phthalocyanines have shown promise in both organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs); however, no examples of solution processable axial derivatives have been reported. We synthesized and characterized tin phthalocyanines (SnPcs) with tributylsilane and trihexylsilane axial functional groups and examined their performance in OTFTs and in poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC 61 BM) OPV devices as ternary additives. We also report the OTFT performance of the previously studied trialkylsilane silicon phthalocyanines for comparison. In polycrystalline OTFTs the tin derivatives show higher electron mobilities than their silicon counterparts due to increased molecular interactions. As a ternary additive in OPV devices, similar to the SiPc analogues, both SnPc derivatives show an EQE contribution >20% in the range 650–750 nm. These results suggest soluble SnPcs show potential as active materials in OTFTs and OPVs, justifying further investigation into additional derivatives of SnPcs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".