Désobéissance civile et dénonciation gouvernementale : le cas d’Edward Snowden
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L’acte de dénonciation d’Edward Snowden était-il un acte de désobéissance civile, comme le proclament ses partisans ? À mon avis, ce ne l’était pas, car il ne faut pas confondre dénonciation gouvernementale et désobéissance civile. La dénonciation gouvernementale, c'est-à-dire l'acquisition et la divulgation non autorisées d'informations classifiées sur l'État ou le gouvernement, est une forme de « vigilantisme politique » qui implique la transgression des limites entourant les secrets d'État, et ce, dans le but de contester l'attribution ou l'utilisation du pouvoir. Cela peut néanmoins se justifier – comme dans le cas d’Edward Snowden –, si cela se fait de manière appropriée et que sont divulgués certains renseignements que le public se doit de connaître et sur lesquels il y aurait lieu de délibérer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".