Selenium removal using a bacteria cultured reactor packed with alumimpregnated activated alumina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Selenium is a primary pollutant that brings a number of threats to the aquatic lives as well as human beings.Bacterial selenium reduction was observed as an effective way for selenium remediation.However, Se(IV) accumulation may occur during Se(VI) reduction due to the slow reduction rate of Se(IV).In this study, an alum-impregnated activated alumina packed bioreactor cultured with Shigella fergusonii strain TB42616 was applied in order to remove Se(IV) during Se(VI) reduction.Approximately 70% selenium was removed under an hydraulic retention time of 3.1 days with no Se(IV) accumulation observed, indicating that Se(IV) removal was enhanced by the adsorption of the alum-impregnated activated alumina.A 10% more selenium removal was also observed by employing alum-impregnated activated alumina instead of unmodified ones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".