Flexural Characteristics of Mortar Cement Reinforced with 3D-Printed Polymer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this research, reinforcement for cement mortars is printed using polymers-thermoplastics on a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer and its effect on the strength and response of cementitious mortar samples under bending are studied.Two common thermoplastic polymers; Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-Modified (PETG) are used to reinforce mortar beam samples measuring 200x50x50 mm in flexure.For each thermoplastic type, four bar 150 mm in length and with a plain rectangular cross-section of 10x5 mm were printed and embedded in the specimen and tested under 3-point load flexural load.The samples with PETG reinforcement showed much better flexural behavior than the PLA reinforced samples in terms of ultimate loads and deformations.The average ultimate flexural capacity of the PETG samples is almost double of the PLA samples (11.37 MPa compared to 5.94 MPa), while the deformation of the PETG samples at ultimate loads reached 3 times the deformation of the PLA samples owing to its higher strength and plastic behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".