“…No Longer Quite Ukrainian But Not Quite Canadian Either…”: The Ukrainian Immigrant in Canadian English-Language Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arguably, the first work of Canadian fiction in English to depict Ukrainians was Ralph Connor’s The Foreigner, a Tale of Saskatchewan , published in 1909. Since then, some of Canada’s major writers, including Margaret Laurence, Margaret Atwood, Morley Callaghan, Sinclair Ross, and W. O. Mitchell have depicted Ukrainians in their works. Gabrielle Roy, writing in French, also created Ukrainian characters. Beginning at least in 1954 with the publication of Vera Lysenko’s Yellow Boots , writers of Ukrainian origin began to break through into the pantheon of CanLit. The publication of works by writers of Ukrainian origin increased dramatically following the adoption of Multiculturalism and the resultant infusion of government funding into the “culture industry.” This article considers the depiction of the Ukrainian immigrant in two plays— Paper Wheat , written by a collective, and Gwen Pharis Ringwood’s A Fine Coloured Easter Egg ; in several novels—Frederick Philip Grove’s Fruits of the Earth , Arthur G. Storey’s Prairie Harvest , and Vera Lysenko’s Yellow Boots ; and in Gabrielle Roy’s short story “The Well of Dunrea.” On peut dire que la première œuvre de fiction canadienne décrivant les Ukrainiens en anglais était The Foreigner, a Tale of Saskatchewan , de Ralph Connor, publiée en 1909. Depuis lors certains des plus grands écrivains du Canada y compris Margaret Laurence, Margaret Atwood, Morley Callaghan, Sinclair Ross, et W. O. Mitchell ont représenté les Ukrainiens dans leurs œuvres. Gabrielle Roy a également en français, créé des personnages ukrainiens. À partir de 1954, les écrivains ukrainiens ont commencé à émerger dans le panthéon de “CanLit” avec notamment la publication de Yellow Boots , de Vera Lysenko. La publication d’ouvrages par les écrivains d’origine ukrainienne a considérablement augmenté, suite à l’adoption du multiculturalisme et à l’injection des fonds gouvernementaux dans «l’industrie de la culture». Cet article examine la représentation de l’immigrant ukrainien dans deux pièces— Paper Wheat Ringwood —écrit par un collectif, et A Fine Coloured Easter Egg de Gwen Pharis Ringwood; dans plusieurs romans dont Fruits of the Earth de Frederick Philip Grove, Prairie Harvest de Arthur G. Storey et Yellow Boots de Vera Lysenko; et dans The Well of Dunrea , une nouvelle de Gabrielle Roy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".