Women without Children: A Contradiction in Terms?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whilst the ideological construction of families has undergone significant change from pre-modernity to modernity, children remain an essential feature. This paper considers the relationship between families, feminist theory and voluntarily childless women. It is primarily concerned to explore women’s experiences as non-sexually reproductive within a cultural context that continues to emphasise femininity based on sexual reproduction, and families defined by the presence of children. In recent decades, remaining childless has emerged as a trend amongst Western women, understood within the broader context of changes in women’s political, economic and social status. The paper aims to argue that whilst second-wave feminism has championed these changes in women’s status, it nevertheless sustains a cultural definition of woman’ based on sexual reproduction. As such, feminist theory continues to regard childless women as dysfunctional. The paper concludes by exploring the effectiveness of recent challenges from postmodern feminism to subvert women’s association with sexual reproduction, and extend the notion of families to include individuals without children.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it