Refugee and Immigrant Women’s Sense of Belonging in British Columbia Schooling Contexts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the past few years, Canada has been receiving and increased number of immigrants and refugees. Many of them, and especially women, leave their countries of origin for the safety of their children. However, navigating the educational system in Canadian contexts can sometimes be confusing and exclusionary for them. In this study, women, who are recent immigrants or refugees, and were using English as an Additional Language learning service provided by the Pacific Immigrant Resource Society (PIRS) in Vancouver, shared the perspectives around what is means to be a newcomer to British Columbia (BC) and how to facilitate belonging and reciprocal learning. A key issue that emerged from the study is the relationship between families, particularly mothers, and their children’s schools. The women reported feelings of confusion around school expectations such as homework and concerns about lack of consultation with them around issues they felt should be discussed within the family especially sex education.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.026 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".