Impairment of non-symbolic number processing in children with mathematical learning disability
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The functional origin of Mathematical Learning Disability (MLD), an impairment affecting mathematics learning, remains controversial. We aimed to study the number sense deficit hypothesis in children with MLD. We explored the processing of non-symbolic numbers in Quebec French-speaking 8‒9-year-old children with three non-symbolic tasks (number comparison, number matching and dot set selection task). Results showed that children with MLD were as successful as typically developing children in a comparison task, but less successful in a matching task. Their performance in numerical re-production was also similar to that of typically developing children for large (10-99) numerosities, while they were less successful in transcoding small (1-4) and medium (5-9) numerosities. Children with MLD also presented with general cognitive and reading difficulties. Results suggest a deficit in processing small and medium numerosities in children with MLD that could be largely attributed to their poorer cognitive skills.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it