Trends in Hospitalizations for Sickle Cell Disease Related-Complications in USA 2004 - 2012
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects 100,000 patients in the USA. However, no recent data was available for annual national trends in hospitalization rates, in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and costs of SCD admissions due to its complications. METHODS: This study was conducted to study the trends of hospitalization rates, in-hospital mortality, LOS and hospital charges due to SCD-related complications in African American (AA) patients from 2004 to 2012 in the USA. Complications included acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism, retinal circulation complications, priapism, disorders related to biliary stones, or those required blood transfusions. We obtained the study population from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. RESULTS: Hospital admission rate rose steadily from 106 per 100,000 AA population in 2004 to 137 in 2012. Seasonal and trend decomposition revealed the highest hospitalization rate in January. Hospital LOS decreased from 7.1 ± 7.65 days in 2004 to 6.23 ± 6.42 days in 2012. Hospital charges increased from 15.35 (8.99 - 27.57) thousand dollars per admission in 2004 to 24.78 (14.37 - 45.24) in 2012. Medicaid remained the primary payer in the highest number of patients in 9 years. In-hospital mortality did not change significantly, being 1.03% in 2004 and 1.02% in 2012, with no significant seasonal variation in mortality. Most common complications were acute pain crisis and blood transfusion requirement. Biliary pathology was the only complication that decreased over time. Admissions for each complication were initially uprising with a decline from 2010 to 2012, except for DVT/pulmonary embolism with a significant uptrend. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, from 2004 to 2012, hospital admission rates and charges increased, and hospital LOS decreased, while in-hospital mortality remained unchanged.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it