Intergroup variation in oestrogenic plant consumption by black‐and‐white colobus monkeys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Endocrine-active phytochemicals (EAPs) are a potentially important component of the tropical plant foods of many primate species due to their interactions with hormones and potential effects on reproduction and behavior. If EAPs, such as phytoestrogens, do significantly affect primate biology in their natural environment, then variation in exposure to these chemicals should relate to variation in physiological or behavioral outcomes. Therefore, we quantified the diet of eight black-and-white colobus monkey groups (Colobus guereza) living in Kibale National Park, Uganda, for one year and analyzed their plant foods for estrogenic activity using transient transfection assays. The percent of diet from these estrogenic plant items varied across groups from 1.24% (± SD 1.65) to 5.85% (± SD 4.51), however this variation was not statistically significant given seasonal variation within the same group. Additionally, grooming was not correlated with phytoestrogen consumption, except for in one group. This lack of an effect was likely due to the low levels of consumption of estrogenic plants compared to previous studies that did document a grooming effect. Examining intergroup variation in other primate species that consume a greater quantity of EAPs in their diet will provide further insight into physiological and behavioral effects of consumption on primate ecology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".