Pension Provision of Russian Military in 19th — early 20th Century (by Material of Tobolsk Province)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the process of formation and evolution of the social security system for old age and disease of servicemen of the Tobolsk province in the 19 th - early 20 th centuries. The relevance of the chosen topic in connection with the modern reform of the pension system is shown. The study is based on the analysis of the complex of legislative, administrative and statistical sources of the State Archive in Tobolsk. Documentation of the funds of the provincial government of Tobolsk, the Tobolsk state chambers, etc. are used. Among them, an important place is occupied by the lists of pensioners living in the Tobolsk province, the sheets of the Tobolsk State Chamber on pensioners, documents fixing the number and amount of pensions issued and not issued, cases on the appointment of pensions. The legal framework of pension provision is analyzed. The author of the article points to the absence in the period under review of a single regulatory framework and pension practice common for all social categories of the population. Analyses of pension payments charged to the military personnel funds from the Treasury and savings from public aid funds for emeritus is made. It is concluded that the formation of pensions for military officials was completed by the end of the first quarter of the 19 th century. The circle of persons entitled to receive a pension is defined, sources of pension financing are established. It is concluded that the pension provision of the military in the period under review was characterized by the consolidation of the principles of pension accrual at the legislative level, the dependence of the pension salary on the amount of annual salary, rank and length of military service.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".