Tubulin Lattice in Cilia is in a Stressed Form Regulated by Microtubule Inner Proteins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cilia, the hair-like protrusions that beat at high frequencies to propel a cell or move fluid around the cell, are composed of radially bundled doublet microtubules. The doublet microtubule is composed of a 13-protofilament A-tubule, a partial 10-protofilament B-tubule and microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) inside the tubulin lattice. In this study, we present the near-atomic resolution map of the Tetrahymena doublet microtubules. The map demonstrates that the network of microtubule inner proteins is weaving into the tubulin lattice, forming an inner sheath of proteins. In addition, we also obtain the tubulin lattice structure with missing MIPs by Sarkosyl treatment. In this structure, the tubulin lattice showed significant longitudinal compaction and lateral angle changes between protofilaments. These results are evidence that the binding of MIPs directly affects and stabilizes the tubulin lattice. It is also suggested that the doublet microtubule is an intrinsically stressed filament and this stress could be exploited in the regulation of ciliary waveforms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".