Effect of Arc Pressure on the Digging Process in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding of A5052P Aluminum Alloy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The keyhole digging process associated with variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) welding remains unclear, resulting in poor control of welding stability. The VPPA pressure directly determines the dynamics of the keyhole and weld pool in the digging process. Here, through a high speed camera, high frequency pulsed diode laser light source and X-ray transmission imaging system, we reveal the potential physical phenomenon of a keyhole weld pool. The keyhole depth changes periodically corresponding to the polarity conversion period if the current is same in the electrode negative (EN) phase and electrode positive (EP) phase. There exist three distinct regimes of keyhole and weld pool behavior in the whole digging process, due to the arc pressure attenuation and energy accumulation effect. The pressure in the EP phase is smaller than that of the EN phase, causing the fluctuation of the weld pool free surface. Based on the influence mechanism of energy and momentum transaction, the arc pressure output is balanced by separately adjusting the current in each polarity. Finally, the keyhole fluctuation during the digging process is successfully reduced and welding stability is well controlled.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".