The Evolution of Cardiac Mapping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cardiac mapping has always been an integral part of basic and clinical cardiac electrophysiology. Cardiac mapping has come a long way from the days of Sir Thomas Lewis, using a single point-by-point mapping technique, to today's unprecedented multimodality mapping and imaging. This chapter focuses on electrogram-based substrate mapping with some innovative techniques such as unipolar mapping. Substrate mapping was initially used in the electrophysiology laboratory in cases of non-inducible arrhythmias, hemodynamically fast ventricular tachycardia (VT), or unmappable arrhythmias. The future of cardiac mapping lies in the domain of substrate-based mapping methodology that does not involve the induction of arrhythmias. Imaging-based substrate mapping is an anatomical approach with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without physiological data. Omnipolar mapping technology (OT) uses novel catheters, signal processing, and display enhancements to resolve electrogram signals along meaningful anatomical and physiological directions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".